The biceps muscle grouping (biceps brachii) is made up of two heads, the long head and the brusk head. The muscles originate at the shoulder and insert on the radius (short os in the forearm). The principal function of the biceps brachii is to supinate the forearm (pretend similar you are holding a loving cup of soup in the palm of your hand; this position is called "supination"). The second office of the biceps brachii is to flex (bend) the elbow. Rupture of the biceps tendon can occur proximally (at the shoulder) or distally (at the elbow). Ruptures commonly occur when in that location is an unexpected force applied to the bicep muscle such as attempting to take hold of something or someone when they fall. Nearly ruptures occur when the elbow is in a flexed position. Some people may feel or hear a "pop" when the tendon separates from the os.

Distal Repair to Biceps Tendon Rupture Proximal Repair to Biceps Tendon Rupture

How is a Biceps Tendon Rupture diagnosed?

Ruptures of the biceps tendon tin usually exist diagnosed through history and physical exam. Observation of the injured extremity may reveal pregnant bruising and swelling, as well as concrete deformity. The physical deformity associated with biceps ruptures is termed popeye deformity. The deformity is due to the tendon retracting toward the muscle belly causing a big burl. X-rays may exist ordered to rule out an associated avulsion fracture. An MRI may also be ordered to aid in visualizing the amount of impairment sustained to the muscle, tendon, and bone.

Bulging Bicep after Ruptured Tendon Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture

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What is Biceps Tendon Repair surgery?

Distal biceps tendon ruptures typically require surgical fixation to restore range of motion and strength to the elbow. This procedure is an open surgical procedure which tin be performed on an outpatient footing. The goal is to reattach the tendon to the radius os using either sutures or anchor with sutures.

Biceps Tendon Repair Surgery Bicep Tendon Reattached

Proximal biceps tendon ruptures can be treated conservatively with physical therapy and anti-inflammatories. Surgery is considered when a patient continues to have hurting despite conservative measures. The biceps tendon is not reattached to its original origin; the biceps is attached to the humerus in a process called a "biceps tenodesis."

Biceps Tenodesis

Why should I consider Bicep Tendon Surgery?

Distal repair for a biceps tendon rupture should be considered in patients that injure the bicep in their dominant arm, or active individuals. The goal of surgery is to restore strength and endurance to the musculature besides every bit maintain range of movement in the elbow joint. Without surgery, there is a significant probability that function of the injured extremity will be limited. Proximal bicep tendon repair is considered when conservative measures neglect or do not relieve pain.

What are my restrictions after a Bicep Tendon Surgery?

Total healing time for any injury or surgical repair is normally one twelvemonth. Limitations vary based on distal or proximal repair. Both repairs for a biceps tendon rupture volition crave the use of a mail service-operative sling for up to 4 weeks. Physical therapy will begin range of motion and strengthening activities based on protocols established by Dr. Rolf, or your preferred surgeon.

What will be my recovery time?

Distal and proximal bicep tendon repairs are performed as an outpatient surgery. Formal physical therapy can begin inside two days of surgery. Formal therapy can last 12-16 weeks with gradual progression to a home exercise plan. Most patients are able to return to normal action, without restriction, 14-20 weeks after surgery. The variable wide range of return to activity is based on a distal or proximal bicep repair.

What are the risks of surgery to repair a biceps tendon rupture?

Complications associated with bicep tendon repair are rare. Common risks associated with a distal repair include: decreased force, decreased nerve awareness, and decrease range of motion at the elbow. Common risks associated with proximal repair include: decreased strength, decreased nerved sensation, and decreased range of motion at the shoulder. Both surgical techniques take associated risk of hurting, infection, and irksome wound healing.


Written By: Lisa Osterbrock, PA-C, ATC

Edited Past: Robert Rolf, M.D.

Images courtesy of proactivept.com, eorthopod.com, and mdguidelines.com.